一本道

02 September 2026

Dehumanisation is a driving force behind some of history鈥檚 worst atrocities, according to Professor David Livingstone Smith. As the Tage Danielsson Visiting Professor at 一本道 University, he will continue to investigate when, how and why one human being comes to see another as less than human.

An older man wearing a hat and glasses. Photographer: Thor Balkhed
David Livingstone Smith

David Livingstone Smith, from the United States, is a professor of philosophy but sees himself as an interdisciplinary scholar. In autumn 2026, he will work at Link枚ping University, Sweden, as a visiting professor in the name of Tage Danielsson. For the past 20 years, he has studied dehumanisation, a term that can mean many different things.

鈥淲hat I mean by dehumanisation is the attitude of thinking of others as less than human creatures.鈥�

Hate, contempt, fear and horror

鈥淚magine a big circle containing al kinds of attitudes like hate, racism, xenophobia and sexism. When I talk about dehumanisation, I mean something very particular. It's a small circle inside the big circle.鈥�

Smith is interested in understanding how it becomes possible for people to regard other human beings as subhuman, as less than human.

鈥淚t always exists a driving force in genocide, in crimes against humanity and so on. The purpose of my research is trying to understand how this happens and, ultimately, to find ways of preventing it. I think it is important to point out that it is not just about hate. The emotions involved are much more complex.鈥�

He highlights contempt, fear and horror as important emotions in the process. According to Smith, dehumanisation does not arise spontaneously.

鈥淧eople do not wake up one morning thinking, 鈥楾hose people over there aren鈥檛 really people.鈥� My studies of genocide stretch back roughly 200 years. They show how people in positions of power and authority have used propaganda to convince others that certain groups are monsters who should be excluded, imprisoned or exterminated.鈥�

Climate change, migration and conflict

Smith believes the topic is important today and will become even more important in the future, particularly because of climate change.

鈥淲e need to be prepared. Climate change could lead to terrible atrocities. Wealthy nations will probably close their doors to people fleeing regions that are no longer habitable.鈥�

He describes a future in which shortages of food and water will force millions of people to become refugees moving across the earth in numbers that have never been, how infrastructure will collapse and serious crimes against humanity will become increasingly common.

鈥淧eople in positions of power will defend their own interests. Propaganda will portray migrants as dangerous, monstrous and a threat to society.鈥�

鈥淚 write because I want to change the world鈥�

Found philosophy through Freud

As a young man, David Livingstone Smith worked as a psychotherapist and teacher but wanted to pursue a PhD. The year was 1988, and he was living in London. His original plan was to study psychoanalysis at the University of London. However, the director of the programme told him: 鈥淚 think you would be bored here.鈥� Instead, he was encouraged to contact a philosopher at King's College, University of London, who was interested in Freud.

Back then, he also got the advice to travel to Sweden, and study in Lund. But his family situation at the time made that impossible. Today, the circumstances are different.

What do you think of Link枚ping University so far?

A man sitting on a chair in the grass. Thor Balkhed
鈥淚 love it here. I鈥檓 really happy to be here. The philosophy division is really friendly and nice, and I like how little hierarchy there is in the Swedish universities. I鈥檓 looking forward to many good conversations with students and colleagues. My door is open.鈥�

And what about Sweden?

鈥淚 love it. It鈥檚 beautiful, and there鈥檚 a wonderful atmosphere. When you move to a new country there are always adjustments, ordinary things are suddenly not ordinary. That鈥檚 why I鈥檓 so grateful for all the friendly and helpful people I鈥檝e met. I鈥檝e learned how to sort the rubbish, use the buses and even operate a robot lawnmower.鈥�

How does it feel to become the Tage Danielsson Visiting Professor?

鈥淚t is a tremendous honour to have been chosen for the Tage Danielsson professorship and to have the opportunity to devote my time to research and to my new book, The Allure of Fascism.鈥�


A man's hands resting on a rock covered in moss.Thor Balkhed

When Smith began researching dehumanisation around twenty years ago, there was very little literature on the subject. What did exist was written almost exclusively by psychologists and social psychologists. Since then, he has published three books on dehumanisation.

鈥淒ehumanisation plays a role in some of the very worst things people do to one another, yet it has been surprisingly neglected as a topic of research. Almost everyone agrees that it is importan

t, but it has not received the attention it deserves.鈥�

In The Allure of Fascism, Smith examines a question he believes has become increasingly urgent: why fascist movements continue to attract followers despite their catastrophic historical record.

鈥淚f you look at the history of fascism, you would think nobody would want anything to do with it. Yet there is clearly something that attracts people to these movements, and I want to understand what that is.鈥�

Unlike many books on fascism, which focus primarily on leaders such as Adolf Hitler, Smith is interested in the followers and what motivates ordinary people to join and support such movements.

鈥淚 want to understand what draws people in so that we can learn how to resist it. If people understand these mechanisms, they are better equipped to protect themselves from being drawn into these ways of thinking and behaving.鈥�

The book is aimed at a broad audience rather than solely at academics.
鈥淚 don鈥檛 want to write books that are read by fifteen people. I want to write books that are accessible to the public while still being of interest to scholars.鈥�


Welcome to open lectures with David Livingstone Smith

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